RFC 7234 - HTTP/1.1: 缓存 (Caching)

发布日期: 2014年6月
状态: 标准轨道 (Standards Track)
作者: R. Fielding (编辑), M. Nottingham (编辑), J. Reschke (编辑)

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目录 (Contents)

• 1. Introduction (简介)
  • 1.1 Conformance and Error Handling (一致性和错误处理)
  • 1.2 Syntax Notation (语法标记)
    • 1.2.1 Delta Seconds (增量秒数)
• 2. Overview of Cache Operation (缓存操作概述)
• 3. Storing Responses in Caches (在缓存中存储响应)
  • 3.1 Storing Incomplete Responses (存储不完整响应)
  • 3.2 Storing Responses to Authenticated Requests (存储已认证请求的响应)
  • 3.3 Combining Partial Content (合并部分内容)
• 4. Constructing Responses from Caches (从缓存构造响应)
  • 4.1 Calculating Secondary Keys with Vary (使用Vary计算辅助键)
  • 4.2 Freshness (新鲜度)
    • 4.2.1 Calculating Freshness Lifetime (计算新鲜度生命周期)
    • 4.2.2 Calculating Heuristic Freshness (计算启发式新鲜度)
    • 4.2.3 Calculating Age (计算年龄)
    • 4.2.4 Serving Stale Responses (提供过期响应)
  • 4.3 Validation (验证)
    • 4.3.1 Sending a Validation Request (发送验证请求)
    • 4.3.2 Handling a Received Validation Request (处理接收到的验证请求)
    • 4.3.3 Handling a Validation Response (处理验证响应)
    • 4.3.4 Freshening Stored Responses upon Validation (验证时更新存储的响应)
    • 4.3.5 Freshening Responses via HEAD (通过HEAD更新响应)
  • 4.4 Invalidation (失效)
• 5. Header Field Definitions (头字段定义)
  • 5.1 Age
  • 5.2 Cache-Control
    • 5.2.1 Request Cache-Control Directives (请求缓存控制指令)
      • 5.2.1.1 max-age
      • 5.2.1.2 max-stale
      • 5.2.1.3 min-fresh
      • 5.2.1.4 no-cache
      • 5.2.1.5 no-store
      • 5.2.1.6 no-transform
      • 5.2.1.7 only-if-cached
    • 5.2.2 Response Cache-Control Directives (响应缓存控制指令)
      • 5.2.2.1 must-revalidate
      • 5.2.2.2 no-cache
      • 5.2.2.3 no-store
      • 5.2.2.4 no-transform
      • 5.2.2.5 public
      • 5.2.2.6 private
      • 5.2.2.7 proxy-revalidate
      • 5.2.2.8 max-age
      • 5.2.2.9 s-maxage
    • 5.2.3 Cache Control Extensions (缓存控制扩展)
  • 5.3 Expires
  • 5.4 Pragma
  • 5.5 Warning
    • 5.5.1 Warning: 110 - "Response is Stale"
    • 5.5.2 Warning: 111 - "Revalidation Failed"
    • 5.5.3 Warning: 112 - "Disconnected Operation"
    • 5.5.4 Warning: 113 - "Heuristic Expiration"
    • 5.5.5 Warning: 199 - "Miscellaneous Warning"
    • 5.5.6 Warning: 214 - "Transformation Applied"
    • 5.5.7 Warning: 299 - "Miscellaneous Persistent Warning"
• 6. History Lists (历史列表)
• 7. IANA Considerations (IANA注意事项)
  • 7.1 Cache Directive Registry (缓存指令注册表)
    • 7.1.1 Procedure (程序)
    • 7.1.2 Considerations for New Cache Control Directives (新缓存控制指令的考虑)
    • 7.1.3 Registrations (注册项)
  • 7.2 Warn Code Registry (警告码注册表)
    • 7.2.1 Procedure (程序)
    • 7.2.2 Registrations (注册项)
  • 7.3 Header Field Registration (头字段注册)
• 8. Security Considerations (安全考虑)
• 9. Acknowledgments (致谢)
• 10. References (参考文献)
  • 10.1 Normative References (规范性参考文献)
  • 10.2 Informative References (资料性参考文献)
• Appendix A. Changes from RFC 2616 (附录A. 与RFC 2616的变更)
• Appendix B. Imported ABNF (附录B. 导入的ABNF)
• Appendix C. Collected ABNF (附录C. 收集的ABNF)

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核心缓存指令 (Core Cache Directives)

请求指令 (Request Directives) - 7个

• max-age: 指定可接受的最大年龄
• max-stale: 允许使用过期响应
• min-fresh: 要求响应至少保持新鲜多久
• no-cache: 强制验证
• no-store: 禁止存储
• no-transform: 禁止转换
• only-if-cached: 仅使用缓存

响应指令 (Response Directives) - 9个

• must-revalidate: 过期后必须重新验证
• no-cache: 可存储但必须验证
• no-store: 禁止存储
• no-transform: 禁止转换
• public: 可被任何缓存存储
• private: 仅私有缓存可存储
• proxy-revalidate: 共享缓存必须重新验证
• max-age: 指定新鲜度生命周期
• s-maxage: 共享缓存的新鲜度生命周期

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警告码 (Warning Codes) - 7个

• 110: Response is Stale (响应已过期)
• 111: Revalidation Failed (重新验证失败)
• 112: Disconnected Operation (断开连接操作)
• 113: Heuristic Expiration (启发式过期)
• 199: Miscellaneous Warning (其他警告)
• 214: Transformation Applied (已应用转换)
• 299: Miscellaneous Persistent Warning (其他持久警告)

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关于本翻译 (About This Translation)

本翻译遵循RFC翻译的"信达雅"原则, 严格保持技术术语的一致性和RFC 2119关键词的法律级严谨性。所有ABNF语法、技术字段名和协议常量均保持英文原文, 确保国际标准的精确性。

翻译完成日期: 2024年
翻译质量: 生产级
适用场景: HTTP缓存实现, CDN配置, Web性能优化, 技术文档参考