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RFC 4960 - 流控制传输协议 (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)

发布日期: 2007年9月
状态: 标准跟踪协议 (Standards Track)
作者: R. Stewart (Ed.)
废弃: RFC 2960, RFC 3309

摘要 (Abstract)​

本文档废弃了RFC 2960和RFC 3309. 它描述了流控制传输协议 (Stream Control Transmission Protocol, SCTP). SCTP被设计用于在IP网络上传输公共交换电话网络 (PSTN) 信令消息,但也能够应用于更广泛的场景.

SCTP是一个在无连接分组网络(如IP)之上运行的可靠传输协议. 它为用户提供以下服务:

  • 经确认的、无错误、非重复的用户数据传输
  • 数据分片以符合发现的路径MTU大小
  • 在多个流内对用户消息进行有序传递,并可选择按到达顺序交付单个用户消息
  • 可选地将多个用户消息打包到单个SCTP数据包中
  • 通过在关联的一端或两端支持多宿主来提供网络级容错

SCTP的设计包含适当的拥塞避免行为以及对洪泛和伪装攻击的抵御能力.

目录 (Contents)​

  • 1. Introduction (简介)

    • 1.1 Motivation (动机)
    • 1.2 Architectural View of SCTP (SCTP架构视图)
    • 1.3 Key Terms (关键术语)
    • 1.4 Abbreviations (缩写)
    • 1.5 Functional View of SCTP (SCTP功能视图)
      • 1.5.1 Association Startup and Takedown (关联启动和终止)
      • 1.5.2 Sequenced Delivery within Streams (流内有序传递)
      • 1.5.3 User Data Fragmentation (用户数据分片)
      • 1.5.4 Acknowledgement and Congestion Avoidance (确认和拥塞避免)
      • 1.5.5 Chunk Bundling (块打包)
      • 1.5.6 Packet Validation (数据包验证)
      • 1.5.7 Path Management (路径管理)
    • 1.6 Serial Number Arithmetic (序列号运算)
    • 1.7 Changes from RFC 2960 (与RFC 2960的变更)

  • 2. Conventions (约定)

  • 3. SCTP Packet Format (SCTP数据包格式)

    • 3.1 SCTP Common Header Field Descriptions (SCTP通用头字段描述)
    • 3.2 Chunk Field Descriptions (块字段描述)
      • 3.2.1 Optional/Variable-Length Parameter Format (可选/可变长度参数格式)
      • 3.2.2 Reporting of Unrecognized Parameters (报告未识别参数)
    • 3.3 SCTP Chunk Definitions (SCTP块定义)
      • 3.3.1 Payload Data (DATA) (有效载荷数据)
      • 3.3.2 Initiation (INIT) (初始化)
      • 3.3.3 Initiation Acknowledgement (INIT ACK) (初始化确认)
      • 3.3.4 Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) (选择性确认)
      • 3.3.5 Heartbeat Request (HEARTBEAT) (心跳请求)
      • 3.3.6 Heartbeat Acknowledgement (HEARTBEAT ACK) (心跳确认)
      • 3.3.7 Abort Association (ABORT) (中止关联)
      • 3.3.8 Shutdown Association (SHUTDOWN) (关闭关联)
      • 3.3.9 Shutdown Acknowledgement (SHUTDOWN ACK) (关闭确认)
      • 3.3.10 Operation Error (ERROR) (操作错误)
      • 3.3.11 Cookie Echo (COOKIE ECHO) (Cookie回显)
      • 3.3.12 Cookie Acknowledgement (COOKIE ACK) (Cookie确认)
      • 3.3.13 Shutdown Complete (SHUTDOWN COMPLETE) (关闭完成)

  • 4. SCTP Association State Diagram (SCTP关联状态图)

  • 5. Association Initialization (关联初始化)

    • 5.1 Normal Establishment of an Association (关联的正常建立)
    • 5.2 Handle Duplicate or Unexpected INIT, INIT ACK, COOKIE ECHO (处理重复或意外的INIT等)
    • 5.3 Other Initialization Issues (其他初始化问题)
    • 5.4 Path Verification (路径验证)

  • 6. User Data Transfer (用户数据传输)

    • 6.1 Transmission of DATA Chunks (DATA块的传输)
    • 6.2 Acknowledgement on Reception of DATA Chunks (接收DATA块时的确认)
    • 6.3 Management of Retransmission Timer (重传定时器管理)
    • 6.4 Multi-Homed SCTP Endpoints (多宿主SCTP端点)
    • 6.5 Stream Identifier and Stream Sequence Number (流标识符和流序列号)
    • 6.6 Ordered and Unordered Delivery (有序和无序传递)
    • 6.7 Report Gaps in Received DATA TSNs (报告接收DATA TSN中的间隙)
    • 6.8 CRC32c Checksum Calculation (CRC32c校验和计算)
    • 6.9 Fragmentation and Reassembly (分片和重组)
    • 6.10 Bundling (打包)

  • 7. Congestion Control (拥塞控制)

    • 7.1 SCTP Differences from TCP Congestion Control (SCTP与TCP拥塞控制的差异)
    • 7.2 SCTP Slow-Start and Congestion Avoidance (SCTP慢启动和拥塞避免)
    • 7.3 Path MTU Discovery (路径MTU发现)

  • 8. Fault Management (故障管理)

    • 8.1 Endpoint Failure Detection (端点故障检测)
    • 8.2 Path Failure Detection (路径故障检测)
    • 8.3 Path Heartbeat (路径心跳)
    • 8.4 Handle "Out of the Blue" Packets (处理"意外"数据包)
    • 8.5 Verification Tag (验证标签)

  • 9. Termination of Association (关联终止)

    • 9.1 Abort of an Association (中止关联)
    • 9.2 Shutdown of an Association (关闭关联)

  • 10. Interface with Upper Layer (与上层接口)

    • 10.1 ULP-to-SCTP (ULP到SCTP)
    • 10.2 SCTP-to-ULP (SCTP到ULP)

  • 11. Security Considerations (安全考虑)

    • 11.1 Security Objectives (安全目标)
    • 11.2 SCTP Responses to Potential Threats (SCTP对潜在威胁的响应)
    • 11.3 SCTP Interactions with Firewalls (SCTP与防火墙的交互)
    • 11.4 Protection of Non-SCTP-Capable Hosts (保护不支持SCTP的主机)

  • 12. Network Management Considerations (网络管理考虑)

  • 13. Recommended Transmission Control Block (TCB) Parameters (推荐的传输控制块参数)

    • 13.1 Parameters Necessary for the SCTP Instance (SCTP实例所需参数)
    • 13.2 Parameters Necessary per Association (每个关联所需参数)
    • 13.3 Per Transport Address Data (每个传输地址数据)
    • 13.4 General Parameters Needed (所需的通用参数)

  • 14. IANA Considerations (IANA考虑)

    • 14.1 IETF-defined Chunk Extension (IETF定义的块扩展)
    • 14.2 IETF-Defined Chunk Parameter Extension (IETF定义的块参数扩展)
    • 14.3 IETF-Defined Additional Error Causes (IETF定义的附加错误原因)
    • 14.4 Payload Protocol Identifiers (有效载荷协议标识符)
    • 14.5 Port Numbers Registry (端口号注册表)

  • 15. Suggested SCTP Protocol Parameter Values (建议的SCTP协议参数值)

  • 16. Acknowledgements (致谢)

附录 (Appendices)​

参考文献 (References)​

相关资源​

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