5. 参考文献 (REFERENCES)
引言性参考文献 (INTRODUCTORY REFERENCES)
[INTRO:1] "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support," IETF Host Requirements Working Group, R. Braden, Ed., RFC-1123,
[INTRO:2] "Requirements for Internet Gateways," R. Braden and J. Postel, RFC-1009, June 1987.
[INTRO:3] "DDN Protocol Handbook," NIC-50004, NIC-50005, NIC-50006, (三卷), SRI International, December 1985.
[INTRO:4] "Official Internet Protocols," J. Reynolds and J. Postel, RFC-1011, May 1987.
本文档定期以新的RFC编号重新发布，必须使用最新版本。
[INTRO:5] "Protocol Document Order Information," O. Jacobsen and J. Postel, RFC-980, March 1986.
[INTRO:6] "Assigned Numbers," J. Reynolds and J. Postel, RFC-1010, May 1987.
本文档定期以新的RFC编号重新发布，必须使用最新版本。
[INTRO:7] "Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol Implementations," D. Clark, RFC-817, July 1982.
[INTRO:8] "The Structuring of Systems Using Upcalls," D. Clark, 10th ACM SOSP, Orcas Island, Washington, December 1985.
次要参考文献 (Secondary References)
[INTRO:9] "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication," V. Cerf and R. Kahn, IEEE Transactions on Communication, May 1974.
[INTRO:10] "The ARPA Internet Protocol," J. Postel, C. Sunshine, and D. Cohen, Computer Networks, Vol. 5, No. 4, July 1981.
[INTRO:11] "The DARPA Internet Protocol Suite," B. Leiner, J. Postel, R. Cole and D. Mills, Proceedings INFOCOM 85, IEEE, Washington DC, March 1985. Also in: IEEE Communications Magazine, March 1985. Also available as ISI-RS-85-153.
[INTRO:12] "Final Text of DIS8473, Protocol for Providing the Connectionless Mode Network Service," ANSI, published as RFC-994, March 1986.
[INTRO:13] "End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol," ANSI X3S3.3, published as RFC-995, April 1986.
链路层参考文献 (LINK LAYER REFERENCES)
[LINK:1] "Trailer Encapsulations," S. Leffler and M. Karels, RFC-893, April 1984.
[LINK:2] "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol," D. Plummer, RFC-826, November 1982.
[LINK:3] "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks," C. Hornig, RFC-894, April 1984.
[LINK:4] "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks," J. Postel and J. Reynolds, RFC-1042, February 1988.
本RFC包含大量对计划使用IEEE 802网络的互联网实现者重要的信息。
IP层参考文献 (IP LAYER REFERENCES)
[IP:1] "Internet Protocol (IP)," J. Postel, RFC-791, September 1981.
[IP:2] "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)," J. Postel, RFC-792, September 1981.
[IP:3] "Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure," J. Mogul and J. Postel, RFC-950, August 1985.
[IP:4] "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting," S. Deering, RFC-1112, August 1989.
[IP:5] "Military Standard Internet Protocol," MIL-STD-1777, Department of Defense, August 1983.
本规范经RFC-963修订后，旨在描述互联网协议，但存在一些严重遗漏（例如， 强制性子网扩展 [IP:3] 和可选的组播扩展 [IP:4]）。它也已过时。如果存在 冲突，RFC-791、RFC-792和RFC-950必须被视为权威，而本文档对所有文档 具有权威性。
[IP:6] "Some Problems with the Specification of the Military Standard Internet Protocol," D. Sidhu, RFC-963, November 1985.
[IP:7] "The TCP Maximum Segment Size and Related Topics," J. Postel, RFC-879, November 1983.
讨论并澄清TCP最大段大小选项与IP数据报大小之间的关系。
[IP:8] "Internet Protocol Security Options," B. Schofield, RFC-1108,
[IP:9] "Fragmentation Considered Harmful," C. Kent and J. Mogul, ACM SIGCOMM-87, August 1987. Published as ACM Comp Comm Review, Vol. 17, no. 5.
这篇有用的论文讨论了互联网分片造成的问题，并提出了替代解决方案。
[IP:10] "IP Datagram Reassembly Algorithms," D. Clark, RFC-815, July 1982.
每个实现者都应该阅读本文和下一篇论文。
[IP:11] "Fault Isolation and Recovery," D. Clark, RFC-816, July 1982.
次要IP参考文献 (SECONDARY IP REFERENCES)
[IP:12] "Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in the Presence of Subnets," J. Mogul, RFC-922, October 1984.
[IP:13] "Name, Addresses, Ports, and Routes," D. Clark, RFC-814, July 1982.
[IP:14] "Something a Host Could Do with Source Quench: The Source Quench Introduced Delay (SQUID)," W. Prue and J. Postel, RFC-1016, July 1987.
本RFC首次描述了定向广播地址。然而，RFC的大部分内容涉及网关，而非主机。
UDP参考文献 (UDP REFERENCES)
[UDP:1] "User Datagram Protocol," J. Postel, RFC-768, August 1980.
TCP参考文献 (TCP REFERENCES)
[TCP:1] "Transmission Control Protocol," J. Postel, RFC-793, September 1981.
[TCP:2] "Transmission Control Protocol," MIL-STD-1778, US Department of Defense, August 1984.
本规范经RFC-964修订后，旨在描述与RFC-793 [TCP:1]相同的协议。如果存在 冲突，RFC-793优先，而本文档对两者都具有权威性。
[TCP:3] "Some Problems with the Specification of the Military Standard Transmission Control Protocol," D. Sidhu and T. Blumer, RFC-964, November 1985.
[TCP:4] "The TCP Maximum Segment Size and Related Topics," J. Postel, RFC-879, November 1983.
[TCP:5] "Window and Acknowledgment Strategy in TCP," D. Clark, RFC-813, July 1982.
[TCP:6] "Round Trip Time Estimation," P. Karn & C. Partridge, ACM SIGCOMM-87, August 1987.
[TCP:7] "Congestion Avoidance and Control," V. Jacobson, ACM SIGCOMM-88, August 1988.
次要TCP参考文献 (SECONDARY TCP REFERENCES)
[TCP:8] "Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol Implementation," D. Clark, RFC-817, July 1982.
[TCP:9] "Congestion Control in IP/TCP," J. Nagle, RFC-896, January 1984.
[TCP:10] "Computing the Internet Checksum," R. Braden, D. Borman, and C. Partridge, RFC-1071, September 1988.
[TCP:11] "TCP Extensions for Long-Delay Paths," V. Jacobson & R. Braden, RFC-1072, October 1988.
安全考虑 (Security Considerations)
主机软件的通信层存在许多安全问题，但完整讨论超出了本RFC的范围。
互联网架构通常对IP源地址欺骗提供的保护很少，因此任何基于验证数据报IP源地址的安全机制都应该被谨慎对待。然而，在受限环境中，某些源地址检查可能是可行的。例如，可能存在一个安全的LAN，其到互联网其余部分的网关会丢弃任何具有伪造LAN地址的源地址的传入数据报。在这种情况下，LAN上的主机可以使用源地址来测试本地源与远程源。源路由使这个问题变得复杂，有些人建议出于安全原因应该禁止主机转发源路由数据报（见第3.3.5节）。
与安全相关的问题在以下章节中提及：IP安全选项（第3.2.1.8节）、ICMP参数问题消息（第3.2.2.5节）、UDP数据报中的IP选项（第4.1.3.2节）以及保留的TCP端口（第4.2.2.1节）。
作者地址 (Author's Address)
Robert Braden USC/Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695
Phone: (213) 822 1511
EMail: [email protected]