10. References
This section preserves the RFC text for FNV, including FNV primes, offset_basis, endianism, XOR folding, constants, non-cryptographic security guidance, source code, test code, Makefile, and comparisons with SHA-1 and SHA-256.
Original RFC Text
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[C] Kernighan, B. W. and D. M. Ritchie, "The C Programming
Language, 2nd Edition", ISBN-10 0-13-110362-8,
ISBN-13 978-0131103627, 1988.
[RFC0020] Cerf, V., "ASCII format for network interchange", STD 80,
RFC 20, DOI 10.17487/RFC0020, October 1969,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc20>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
10.2. Informative References
[BASIC] Diamond, W., "FNV32 PowerBASIC inline x86 assembler",
<http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
index.html#PowerBASIC>.
[BFDseq] Jethanandani, M., Agarwal, S., Mishra, A., Saxena, A., and
A. DeKok, "Secure BFD Sequence Numbers", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-bfd-secure-sequence-numbers-09,
29 March 2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-bfd-secure-sequence-numbers-09>.
[calc] Bell, D. and L. Noll, "Calc - C-style arbitrary precision
calculator",
<http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/index.html>.
[deliantra]
The Deliantra Team, "Deliantra MMORPG", 16 October 2022,
<http://www.deliantra.net/>.
[fasmlab] Fasmlab, "Integrated Development Environments",
<https://sourceforge.net/projects/fasmlab/>.
[FIPS202] NIST, "SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and
Extendable-Output Functions", FIPS PUB 202,
DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202, August 2015,
<https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/
NIST.FIPS.202.pdf>.
[flatassembler]
Grysztar, T., "flat assembler: Assembly language
resources", 2025, <https://flatassembler.net/>.
[FNV] Fowler, G., Noll, L., and K. Vo, "FNV (Fowler/Noll/Vo)",
<http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html>.
[Fortran] Fortran Standard Library, "A community driven standard
library for (modern) Fortran",
<https://stdlib.fortran-lang.org/>.
[FragCache]
Weaver, E., "Improving Running Components at Twitter",
Slide 31, 2009, <https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/
improving-running-components-at-twitter/1141786>.
[FreeBSD] Baio, D. G., "FreeBSD 4.3 Release Notes (Last modified on
21 February 2021)", The Free BSD Project, 2025,
<https://www.freebsd.org/releases/4.3R/notes.html>.
[FRET] McCarthy, M., "FRET: helping understand file formats", 19
January 2006, <https://fret.sourceforge.net/>.
[IEEE] Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "IEEE
website", <https://www.ieee.org/>.
[IEEE8021Q-2022]
IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area
Networks--Bridges and Bridged Networks",
DOI 10.1109/IEEESTD.2022.10004498, IEEE Std 802.1Q-2022,
December 2022,
<https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10004498>.
[IEN137] Cohen, D., "On Holy Wars and A Plea For Peace", IEN 137, 1
April 1980, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien137.txt>.
[IPv6flow] Anderson, L., Brownlee, N., and B. E. Carpenter,
"Comparing Hash Function Algorithms for the IPv6 Flow
Label", University of Auckland Department of Computer
Science Technical Report 2012-002, ISSN 1173-3500, March
2012,
<https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~brian/flowhashRep.pdf>.
[LCN2] Noll, L. and C. Ferguson, "lcn2 / fnv", commit 953444c, 19
November 2025, <https://github.com/lcn2/fnv>.
[Leprechaun]
Sanmayce project, "Sanmayce project 'Underdog Way'",
<http://www.sanmayce.com/Downloads/>.
[libketama]
Jones, R., "libketama: Consistent Hashing library for
memcached clients", 10 April 2007,
<https://www.metabrew.com/article/libketama-consistent-
hashing-algo-memcached-clients>.
[libsir] Lederman, R. and J. Johnson, "libsir logging library",
commit 0ae0173, 3 December 2025,
<https://github.com/aremmell/libsir>.
[memcache] Dovgal, A., Joye, P., Radtke, H., Johansson, M., and T.
Srnka, "PHP memcached extension", 30 April 2023,
<https://pecl.php.net/package/memcache>.
[NCHF] Hayes, C. and D. Malone, "Questioning the Criteria for
Evaluating Non-Cryptographic Hash Functions",
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 68 No. 2, pp. 46-51,
DOI 10.1145/3704255, February 2025,
<https://cacm.acm.org/practice/questioning-the-criteria-
for-evaluating-non-cryptographic-hash-functions/>.
Hayes, C. and D. Malone, "An Evaluation of FNV Non-
Cryptographic Hash Functions", Proceedings of the 35th
Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC),
DOI 10.1109/ISSC61953.2024.10603139, June 2024,
<https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10603139>.
[RFC3174] Eastlake 3rd, D. and P. Jones, "US Secure Hash Algorithm 1
(SHA1)", RFC 3174, DOI 10.17487/RFC3174, September 2001,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3174>.
[RFC6194] Polk, T., Chen, L., Turner, S., and P. Hoffman, "Security
Considerations for the SHA-0 and SHA-1 Message-Digest
Algorithms", RFC 6194, DOI 10.17487/RFC6194, March 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6194>.
[RFC6234] Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
(SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6234, May 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6234>.
[RFC6437] Amante, S., Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and J. Rajahalme,
"IPv6 Flow Label Specification", RFC 6437,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6437, November 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6437>.
[RFC7357] Zhai, H., Hu, F., Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., and O.
Stokes, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
(TRILL): End Station Address Distribution Information
(ESADI) Protocol", RFC 7357, DOI 10.17487/RFC7357,
September 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7357>.
[RFC7873] Eastlake 3rd, D. and M. Andrews, "Domain Name System (DNS)
Cookies", RFC 7873, DOI 10.17487/RFC7873, May 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7873>.
[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
[RimStone] Gliim LLC, "Golf Language Hash Tables", 2025,
<https://rimstone-lang.com/>.
[Smash] Emms, S., "Smash - find duplicate files super fast", 8
December 2024, <https://www.linuxlinks.com/smash-find-
duplicate-files-super-fast/>.
[twistylists]
Zethmayr, D., "twistylists: A no-sort namespace engine;
developers invited", 6 November 2012,
<https://twistylists.blogspot.com/>.